A branch of the TNRC translational work has been to explore the role of adipokine and sex hormones in multiple sclerosis, which exert an effect both on disease risk and course using data and samples from the CLIMB and pediatric MS cohorts. We have found that adipose-related hormones are associated with a worsened course of multiple sclerosis. In addition, lowered levels of testosterone in men with MS were associated with more severe disease. We are currently studying the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the course of multiple sclerosis.